Revista IBERC rejects any form of plagiarism, self-plagiarism, misappropriation of ideas, unauthorized reproduction of texts, manipulation of authorship, duplicate submission, or any other practice incompatible with academic ethics and the integrity of scientific production.

Submission of a manuscript to Revista IBERC implies a declaration by the authors that the work is original, unpublished, of their own authorship, and not simultaneously submitted to another journal, book, collective work, or editorial outlet, unless there is express authorization and prior communication to the editorial team.

Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, and lawfulness of the submitted content and must ensure that all sources used are properly identified, cited, and referenced, in accordance with the applicable technical and editorial standards. The use of excerpts, ideas, data, translations, paraphrases, court decisions, documents, images, tables, charts, or any other third-party material must observe the duties of attribution, source indication, and respect for copyright.

1. Plagiarism

For the purposes of this policy, plagiarism means the total or partial use of text, ideas, argumentative structure, data, research results, translations, images, tables, charts, or any other content produced by a third party without proper attribution of authorship or adequate reference to the original source.

Plagiarism may occur, among other situations, through:

a) literal reproduction of excerpts without quotation marks, indentation, or clear indication of the source;

b) paraphrasing that is excessively close to the original text without proper attribution;

c) appropriation of third-party ideas, arguments, hypotheses, or conclusions without citation;

d) translation of a foreign-language text without indication of the original source;

e) use of tables, charts, images, figures, or empirical data without reference;

f) deliberate concealment of consulted sources;

g) reproduction of excerpts from one’s own works or from third-party works with merely formal alterations intended to disguise the origin of the content.

2. Self-plagiarism and improper republication

Revista IBERC also rejects self-plagiarism, understood as the substantial reuse of texts, results, arguments, chapters, articles, conference papers, academic works, or research previously published by the author, without proper indication of the prior publication.

The occasional reuse of ideas, results, or excerpts from one’s own works may be accepted when methodologically justified, duly disclosed to the editors, and accompanied by appropriate reference to the original work.

Submissions that constitute mere reproduction, artificial fragmentation, disguised republication, or substantial reuse of previously published texts will not be accepted, even when authored by the same author, except in exceptional cases previously disclosed to and authorized by the editorial team, such as translations, substantially expanded versions, or republications justified by scientific interest, always with express indication of the prior publication.

3. Simultaneous submission and editorial duplication

Revista IBERC does not allow simultaneous submission of the same manuscript to another journal, collective work, or editorial outlet.

By submitting a work, the authors declare that the manuscript is not under review by another journal or publisher and undertake not to submit it to another outlet while it is under consideration by Revista IBERC.

If simultaneous submission, editorial duplication, or omission of relevant information regarding prior publication is identified, the editorial team may reject the manuscript, suspend its processing, or adopt other appropriate measures, according to the seriousness of the conduct.

4. Similarity check

All manuscripts submitted to Revista IBERC may undergo textual similarity checking.

Revista IBERC uses the Plagius One system for preliminary similarity analysis, detection of potentially matching excerpts, and identification of sources possibly related to the submitted content. The system assists the editorial team in identifying indications of plagiarism, self-plagiarism, improper reproduction, or lack of adequate citation.

The report produced by the anti-plagiarism system does not, by itself, constitute an automatic conclusion that plagiarism has occurred. Software verification is an auxiliary analytical tool, and its results must be interpreted by the editorial team in light of the context, the nature of the text, the citations provided, the extent of matching excerpts, the existence of adequate references, the field of knowledge, and the specific features of academic legal writing.

Similarity percentages will not be assessed in a merely mathematical or automatic manner. Similarities may be deemed acceptable when they result from bibliographic references, unavoidable technical expressions, properly identified quotations, legislation, case law, formulas, normative provisions, titles of works, public data, or terminology consolidated in the legal field.

Conversely, even when the overall similarity percentage is low, Revista IBERC may consider a localized textual match serious when there is relevant reproduction of a third-party excerpt without proper citation, appropriation of a central argument, unreferenced translation, omission of source, or any other conduct incompatible with academic integrity.

5. Editorial procedure in case of suspicion

When the similarity report or editorial analysis indicates a possible occurrence of plagiarism, self-plagiarism, duplicate submission, or authorship irregularity, the editorial team may adopt, depending on the stage of the process and the seriousness of the situation, one or more of the following measures:

a) request clarification from the authors;

b) request corrections, supplementation of references, or citation adjustments;

c) return the manuscript for formal adjustment before the review process continues;

d) temporarily suspend the processing of the manuscript;

e) summarily reject the submission;

f) reject the manuscript after editorial analysis;

g) communicate the occurrence to reviewers, when necessary to preserve the integrity of the process;

h) internally record the occurrence for editorial control purposes;

i) adopt additional measures compatible with good practices of scientific integrity.

Providing an opportunity for clarification or correction does not imply recognition that the manuscript is regular, nor does it prevent subsequent rejection if the editorial team concludes that the irregularity compromises the originality, reliability, or academic integrity of the work.

6. Manuscripts already published

If suspicion of plagiarism, self-plagiarism, editorial duplication, or any other relevant irregularity is identified after publication, Revista IBERC may initiate an internal review procedure, request a statement from the authors, and assess the adoption of appropriate editorial measures.

Depending on the seriousness of the case, the following measures may be adopted:

a) publication of an erratum;

b) publication of an editorial note;

c) correction of metadata or references;

d) partial or full retraction of the article;

e) removal of the text from the website, when strictly necessary;

f) communication to institutions, indexers, or academic databases, when appropriate;

g) recording of the occurrence in the editorial files of the Journal.

Any retraction or removal of an article shall observe criteria of proportionality, transparency, preservation of the academic record, and respect for due editorial procedure.

7. Responsibility of the authors

Authors are responsible for ensuring that the submitted manuscript complies with adequate standards of originality, citation, attribution of authorship, and scientific integrity.

Before submission, authors are advised to carefully review the text, check all direct and indirect quotations, revise the list of references, properly indicate their own or third-party translations, and verify whether there is substantial reuse of previously published texts.

Responsibility for properly indicating sources remains with the authors, even if the text was prepared with the assistance of proofreaders, translators, digital tools, databases, writing software, artificial intelligence systems, or any other technological resources.

8. Use of artificial intelligence tools

The use of artificial intelligence tools, generative models, or automated systems to support writing does not exempt authors from responsibility for the originality, accuracy, authorship, integrity, truthfulness of information, and proper indication of the sources used in the manuscript.

When artificial intelligence tools are used in a relevant manner for the drafting, translation, revision, organization, or substantial improvement of the text, authors must observe the editorial rules of Revista IBERC and, when required, disclose such use transparently.

The use of artificial intelligence tools to produce academic content without human verification, fabricate references, create non-existent citations, omit sources actually used, reproduce third-party content without attribution, manipulate research results, or falsify authorship will not be accepted.

9. Commitment of Revista IBERC

Revista IBERC undertakes to adopt reasonable procedures for preventing, identifying, and addressing suspicions of plagiarism and self-plagiarism, preserving academic integrity, editorial transparency, respect for copyright, and the reliability of the scientific production it publishes.

The Journal’s anti-plagiarism policy will be applied proportionally, considering the seriousness of the conduct, the extent of the irregularity, the existence of intent or negligence, the stage of the editorial process, the possibility of correction, and the need to protect the academic community.

Submission of a manuscript to Revista IBERC implies the authors’ awareness of and agreement with this Anti-Plagiarism Policy.